│發布日期:2023-06-30
│作者:2023 DNS公共政策研習營優秀學員 王宥云
一、引言
在本次會議上廣邀了許多不同立場的國內外相關利益關係人共同參與討論,並以演講與專家座談的方式位公民提供網路治理的新興議題及相關討論,在本次的會議中主題除了圍繞著網路治理之外,多元利害關係人參與的重要性在各個主題中更是被大力地強調著,而本次的會議也是透過廣邀各界的方式,為網路治理的實踐做出最佳的示範。
二、會議重點回顧與心得
本次的會議上討論網路治理的主題主要可以歸納為三項,包括安全問題、網路的交互性與碎片化,及多元利害關係人的參與方式,其中利害關係人又是在解決前述網路相關議題的重要潛力的解方,而以下將以當天的活動順序簡述各個論壇的重點與自我的心得。
(一)我國數位發展部的治理現況與展望
在數位發展部―唐鳳部長的致詞中可以一探我國目前網路的發展現況及重要性,他提到本次會議透過利害關係人的共同參與來打造更完善的治理,也與我國數位發展部的核心理念不謀而合,兩者都是希望能夠共同打造更穩健、更先進的網路建設。「數位韌性」更是被特別提出的重要概念,我國數位部從社會、產業與緊急事故三個支柱來討論數位韌性,並且也承諾數位發展部在未來也會持續與各界共同的打造民主、和平、永續發展及捍衛人權及網路安全等不同價值,以迎向更美好的數位時代。
(二)網際網路的治理的內涵與做法-來自Zoom的寶貴經驗
而在第一場演講上邀請的是來自Zoom的Josh Kallmer先生作為講者,討論的主題為如何透過多元利害關係人的規範設定以推動網際網路的治理。
在演講的開始講者就拋出幾個重要的問題,在我們進行這個議題的討論前必須解構這些概念,為這些專業術語定下定義,究竟什麼可以稱為利害關係人?標準的範圍在哪裡?及最重要的網路治理又是什麼?從我的觀點認為Josh Kallmer先生提出的這些問題非常重要並且經常被忽略,面對如今變化快速的時代,網路治理所面臨的困難也越來越多,而多方利害關係人進入討論的議程亦是時代趨勢更是重要的解方,然而在討論前我們也必須先界定討論的範圍與各個議題的意涵,創造更有效率及效能的優質審議品質。
而講者Josh Kallmer先生對於上述問題的解答則是認為我們必須用更包容更廣泛的方式定義這些名詞,並從有彈性、務實及結果導向的思維方式以達到我們所想要的目標,並且制定有效的方式來因應數位科技所帶來的風險及挑戰,並也詳細描述了Zoom公司的實際作為,尤其與我國政府的合作經驗及展望,為我們提供了進一步的參考。
(三)TWNIC與DotAsia的協力治理
在第二場演講中,邀請了來自TWNIC與DotAsia的講者,演講主題聚焦在這兩個組織之間的合作框架與內涵。講者們首先點出現行網路安全的問題,也在隨後提供了DNS整體框架,並解釋網路安全與DNS濫用之間的關係。而DNS濫用可以分為兩種形式,一種是較為單純惡意濫用,然而在另一個層次上,有一些濫用是不好偵測的,因此在面對網路安全上僅透過一個組織的努力是不足的。而雖然政府具有一定的重要性,然而網路無邊界的特性,卻也造成公權力執行的困難;在私部門上如何有自主的監管機制與標準是非常重要的,而這些也導致了為何在面對網路治理時「合作」的重要性,並且此種合作不能僅留存於技術面,也必須包括如內容的審查,尤其在面對兒童時,如何建構出一個符合兒童權利與安全的網路環境在未來都是至關重要的。
(四)網路的交互作用性與碎片化趨勢的衝突與思考
在最後一個論壇上的主題則是討論網路的交互作用性,在這個專家論壇中討論的重點圍繞者網路的碎片性及安全性兩個議題,講者Paul Wilson對網路的碎片性提出一個更廣泛的解釋,他認為我們不應該將網路的完整性與碎片性看做一個非黑即白的選擇,網路事件會發生在兩者之間,碎片化的發生是隨時隨地、可大可小的不斷的動態發生。而碎片化帶來的影響之一就是安全性的問題,因此網路的交互作用性與安全是不是註定是兩個不可兼容的極端是這次論壇由專家們拋出值得我們謹慎思考的議題,而面對這些問題我們要如何在理性自利的國家之間追求更廣泛、更完善的通則也是在面對網路治理不可逃避的現實與挑戰。
三、結論
本次論壇透過社會大眾的共同參與為網路治理多元利害關係人的實踐提供了一個寶貴的經驗,多元利害關係人的進入能夠為未來的網路治理增加更多獨特的建議與發展可能,本次的議題圍繞網路治理,提供了思考網路安全、碎片化等挑戰與困難的可能,亦提供了許多如國際知識、實際合作經驗的分享,對於台灣的公部門、私人企業、非營利組織,乃至於個人的網路使用者都具有非凡的意義,也期盼在未來我國也能擁有更多與國際接軌的方式,並對全球網路未來的發展共同進行討論、凝聚共識。
This forum is held with the aim of conferring Internet governance with multi-stakeholders; topics discussed include Internet security issues, Internet interoperability and the importance of diverse stakeholders' involvement. Through this essay, I would summarize the key takeaways from each conference individually and subsequently provide some reflections based on the knowledge I comprehended.
Through this forum, we can understand the concept of Internet governance and the multi-stakeholders model. Giving her remark, Audrey Tang, Minister of the Ministry of Digital Affairs, points out Taiwan government has collaborated with TWNIC for many years and adopted many innovative Internet technologies for our civil society. However, in the future, we also need to gather more stakeholders and build a more stable, advanced, and secure Internet world. Jia-Rong Low, Vice President of Stakeholder Engagement and Managing Director at APAC, ICANN, also indicates the unique meaning of this forum; he believes it is important to let the Taiwan community be involved in worldwide Internet governance participation. From the above, it is evident that the Internet world requires a new approach to improvement, and the multi-stakeholders might be a potential method.
In the first Keynote Speech, the speaker, Josh Kallmer, gives his speech about Internet Governance through Multi-stakeholder Norm-Setting. In his speech, Mr Kallmer suggests that we should define concepts such as Internet governance, norms and muti-stakeholders more broadly. He also shares the actual actions which Zoom took, especially its collaboration with the Taiwan government. The speech offers us a new sight to consider Internet governance more deeply.
The topic of the second Keynote Speech is the collaboration between DotAsia and TWNIC to deal with cyber abuses. The speakers point out that while the Internet benefits human society, it also brings significant challenges to us, and cybersecurity is one of them. In this speech, the speakers introduce us to the relationship between cyber abuses and DNS abuse; therefore, we need to engage more individuals and organizations in the collaborative process in order to achieve the goal of good governance in the Internet world. The other issue that equally matters is children's rights in the Internet space. We must establish a safe and child-friendly Internet for all youths around the world.
The last event of this forum is the high-level opening panel discussion having six experts sharing their thoughts about Internet interoperability, and the idea of Internet fragmentation was also put forward. One interesting question offered by this discussion is that Internet interoperability and security are destined to be two extremes. In reality, more interoperable means less security in the online world, which is an unavoidable problem in the realm of Internet governance, and requires us to consider carefully.
To conclude, this forum provides a valuable experience in the practical engagement of multi-stakeholders in Internet governance. This forum debates several concepts related to Internet governance, especially cyber security, Internet interoperability and the multi-stakeholders method are notable. From my point of view, this forum is a compelling incentive for the Tawain community to deepen its involvement and engage in shaping international Internet governance.